Transformation Through Love and Travel North by Northwest in the Context of Iyers Why We Travel - Literature Essay Samples

Contemporary American society expects that a person reaches specific destinations as they move through their life’s journey. Gender is the major factor that determines these â€Å"normal† destinations for people, which are so ingrained in every aspect of life that it is uncomfortable when anyone deviates from the expected path. In Alfred Hitchcock’s film, North by Northwest, a case of mistaken identity introduces the audience to the main characters, Eve Kendall and Roger Thornhill, who are initially isolated from society as they do not act according to their expected societal roles. Eve is 26, and unmarried, without children. Roger is also unmarried, twice divorced, and no children as well. They are thrown together as the story progresses, initially working towards two separate goals, but eventually bonding into one. The journey the two characters take, both across the country in search of answers and in their developing relationship, is a metaphor of lifeâ€℠¢s journey from outside to inside society. From this journey, a connection can be drawn to travel writer Pico Iyer’s essay â€Å"Why We Travel†. Iyer states â€Å"Travel is like love, it is, in the end, mostly because it’s a heightened state of awareness in which we are mindful, receptive, undimmed by familiarity and ready to be transformed†(Iyer 10). Both Eve and Roger through their love are able to return to traveling along society’s path. North by Northwest utilizes the characters Eve and Roger to depict the isolation from society that comes from failing to reach the expected destinations along the journey of life, and the joy of realigning with those norms. While the film serves as a subconscious reminder to settle into the expected societal roles, or risk isolation and unhappiness, it also provides hope that finding love at any point on one’s life journey can return them to society. Eve and Roger are thrown from their paths in life and experience isolation from society due to their failure to reach destinations expected of them such as marriage and children. In the opening of the film, Roger is depicted as a successful advertising executive, but he is completely dependent on women to organize his life. His secretary appears to run the professional, family and love aspects of his life in the opening scenes. She documents his appointments, calls his mother for him, and sends chocolates with a love note to a girl he is seeing. Men are expected to be independent in society, the strong hero, successful breadwinner. They are expected to be married and carry on the name of their family through children. Roger is not married and has no children as it is revealed he has been divorced twice, so he is not on the expected journey of life for a man of his age. His lack of a wife and friends beyond business associates exposes his isolation from society. The character’s detached manner and wry wit further demonstrate his isolation and â€Å"separateness†. Eve has also failed to reach her expected destination. She is â€Å"26 and unmarried† without children, when women were typically expected to be married before the age of 22. When introduced to the audience, she appears sexually aggressive towards Roger, and completely independent as she travels by herself. She appears to have no friends or support group of any kind. Acting in such a way was unusual for a woman of the era, and she experiences the isolation from society as a result of falling off of her path in life. Both Roger and Eve must be â€Å"transformed†, as Pico Iyer states, through love to return to their life journey accepted by society. Only finding love while traveling through life will allow them to discover themselves and their ability to rise to the roles society requires of them.Both Eve and Roger experience mistaken identity in the film causing them to feel isolated, which mirrors the isolation they both feel from society as they have fallen off of their designated paths in life. Roger is mistaken for a government spy, while Eve is mistaken as a seductress traveling alone with no ties to anyone. Eve initially flirts with Roger stating, â€Å"I tipped the steward five dollars to seat you here if you should come in†, something no single woman of this time would normally say to a stranger. She continues seducing and teasing him until he agrees to come back to her sleeping compartment, where after kissing him she hides him from the police. Entranced by her, he does not catch on how suspicious it is that she is helping him even though he has been branded as a murderer with his face on every paper. Hitchcock leaves a clue for the audience in her name. No one at this time would believe that a woman would act so outwardly sexual; her sexuality is supposed to belong to a man. So, Hitchcock names her Eve, alluding to the biblical story of Adam and Eve. Eve wanted more than she could have, and betrayed Adam and God by eating the devil’s fruit even though she knew better. Eve in the film represents not only the biblical betrayal, but the betrayal of all men by women who do not conform to societal roles. Women must be subservient and obey who they belong to in society. All women outside of their roles are bound to betray someone, as their lack of sexual independence causes them to constantly betray themselves. Eve’s betrayal, that her name alludes to, in the film is the sexual betrayal of Roger. She did not really care for him, but she had t o get him to trust her so she could complete her task of sending him to his death. As the audience learns more about Eve, the viewers (approximating Roger) mistake her for an evil seductress with the sole purpose of manipulating men. With her spy status revealed, and her advances towards Roger proven to be an act, Eve’s sexuality no longer belongs to her, but to Vandamm, the man using her to kill Roger. Later, when she is revealed to actually be an agent for the United States working for the professor to arrest Vandamm, her moral alibi is secure. The audience is no longer focused on the unconventional woman who actually desires sex. She is now interesting enough to keep them engaged, but not enough to make them question the film and societal roles themselves. By utilizing Eve to represent all women, and their betrayal of men when they fall from their societal roles, Hitchcock subconsciously reminds them to mind their place in society or face isolation. While Pico Iyer compares travel to the transformation and awareness that comes with love affairs, Hitchcock uses love to return those lost while traveling through life to their designated paths determined by their gender. The message is the same through both sources, love and travel are one in the same. Both can cause one to be â€Å"ready to be transformed† and have a â€Å"heightened state of awareness† that helps the understanding and appreciation of this transformation. Hitchcock takes it a step further by depicting the transformation as one that returns the characters to their societal roles and their life journey.Happiness and acceptance come from the fulfilling of one’s role in society, as a society role outlines one’s purpose in life giving meaning to one’s life journey. Initially, both characters are superficial, isolated and unhappy. Their lives have no meaning as they have no purpose outside of their expected roles. The film begins as a flipped version of the audience’s reality; the man is dependent on women and incapable to taking car e of himself while the woman is outwardly sexual and completely independent. At the end of the film, however, Eve devolves into the subordinate model of a female who needs rescuing, while Roger becomes the brave hero by saving her as society expects men to. Upon her rescue, they fall into the roles that society accepts and the audience is comfortable with. Their love for each other that developed along their journey together allowed for this role reversal and return to normal gender roles. Without being â€Å"transformed† by their love as Pico Iyer describes in his essay, the couple would have fallen off the face of Mt. Rushmore instead of falling into their roles as men and women. Hitchcock further proves that their love saved them from societal isolation by cutting immediately from her rescue to their joyful honeymoon on the train where their lives have purpose once again. Eve has finally redeemed herself through love to return to society after not only being independent and sexual but also by being the lover of an enemy agent. Roger has overcome his dependence on women and is able to make deep enough connections to live up to his role in society. They are no longer lonely and unhappy as they have accepted their roles in society by getting married. The central goal in life is to be happy within the construct of society. In 1950s America, a key part of this construct is a successful heterosexual relationship. North by Northwest depicts this journey to happiness by portraying a real journey across the country to nominally resolve a mistaken identity. The two protagonists, Roger and Eve, have individually fallen off the common path on this journey to happiness, but have returned to it together through the triumph of their love. Thus the film’s real ‘mistaken identity is the gender â€Å"identity† of each character, and how their earlier incorrect actions are corrected, and they assume the positions expected of them by society. It is this allegory of human relationships that gives the film some of its strongest and deepest meanings that still hold true today. These meanings can be connected to Pico Iyer’s essay, â€Å"Why We Travel†, as he discusses the connection between travel and love. There is a â€Å"transformation† he describes that comes from both experien ces. The main characters travel together literally, and each transforms into a new entity through their love. Roger is no longer the aloof, withdrawn business man, but now is a risk taking hero. Eve becomes a loving, willing partner from the initial enemy agent seductress. Hitchcock makes it is clear that love caused this transformation in each of them, and now they can combine their separate journeys together, now both realigned with the norms of society.

Tobacco Products A Dangerous And Potentially Fatal Threat

Sean Bower Ms. Crecelius Honors English II - Period 9 17 December 2013 Tobacco Products: A dangerous and potentially fatal threat to future generations that should be replaced or erased Every day, more than 3,600 teens smoke their first cigarette and about 900 teens become daily smokers. Over 15 billion cigarettes are sold worldwide daily. Approximately one out of seven people smoke tobacco products which is about 1,142,857,143 people! 5 million of these smokers die every year and it costs them over 4,000 dollars each year to maintain their torturing addiction. Tobacco product consumption is a serous problem that must be resolved. These products are advertised as a product that will make users look cool and sexy to all people including†¦show more content†¦This addiction to nicotine is what makes it extremely difficult to quit tobacco consumption (Smoked Tobacco Products). There are two major forms of tobacco consumption, including smoking tobacco, and smokeless tobacco. Smoking tobacco consists of the more common products such as cigarettes, c igars, pipes, and hookahs. A cigarette is any roll of tobacco wrapped in paper or in any substance not containing tobacco and is the most common tobacco product consumed in the U.S. (Smoked Tobacco Products). According to BeTobaccoFree.gov, Cigars are large, rolled bundles of dried and cured tobacco with three major kinds, including large cigars, cigarillos, and little cigars (Smoked Tobacco Products). Hookahs, also known as water pipes, are pipes that are used to smoke specially made tobacco that is available in a variety of flavors (Smoked Tobacco Products). Smokeless tobacco is tobacco that is not burned. The two major types of smokeless tobacco are chewing tobacco and snuff. Chewing tobacco comes in long strands of loose leaves, plugs, or twists of tobacco, which is usually chewed or placed between the cheek and gum or teeth (Smokeless Tobacco). Snuff is finely ground tobacco that can be dry, moist, or in bag-like pouches (Smokeless Tobacco Products). These different forms of to bacco consumption make them so appealing to users because of the wide variety of options and flavors that they can choose from. Plus, once

The Effects Of Global Warming On The Environment - 1224 Words

Global warming continues to be a huge concern affecting the environment, people and the world. If action to stop this phenomenon is not taken immediately by the global community, the consequences will certainly be catastrophic. Already, some of the consequences of global warming are being felt globally. The frequency and intensity of tropical storms has increased as a result of global warming. Global temperatures continue to rise at rapid and unprecedented rates. According to scientific research, various activities by people are the main cause of this problem. Industrial activities and what have become routine pollution patterns has led to the increase of Carbon IV Oxide (CO2) in the atmosphere (Byravan Rajan, 2015). According to models verified by various scientific researches, the increase in the atmospheric Carbon Dioxide will result in significant increases in environmental temperatures. The global community is facing a challenge that is very tasking and requires maximum coopera tion from all global players. The war to protect the environment is one that must be won otherwise the world and its habitants stand to lose (Braasch, 2013). Global warming is already happening. The effects are already been felt in various parts of the world and will continue to be felt decades to come. The effects that are evident today include rising levels of seas, extreme climatic weather patterns, and finally disappearing polar ice and glaciers. Although, it is quite difficult to link eachShow MoreRelatedGlobal Warming And Its Effect On The Global Environment1144 Words   |  5 PagesGlobal warming has emerged as one of the most serious concerns for scientists and environmentalists in the 21st century. 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Ethical issues in counseling Essay Example For Students

Ethical issues in counseling Essay countertransference and the expert therapist, this study looks at how beginning therapists rate five factors theorized to be important in countertransference management: (I) anxiety management, (2) conceptualizing skills, (3) empathic ability, (4) self-insight and (5) self-integration. Using an adaptation of the Countertransference Factors Inventory (CFI) designed for the previously mentioned studies, 48 beginning therapists (34 women, 14 men) rated 50 statements as to their value in managing countertransference. Together, these statements make up subscales representing the five countertransference management factors. Beginners rated the factors similarly to experts, both rating self-insight and self-integration highest. In looking at the personal characteristics which might influence ones rating of the factors, males and females rated self-insight and self-integration highest. As months in personal and/or group psychotherapy went up, the factors ratings went down, and an even stronger negative correlation was found with age. Generally, beginners rated the factors higher than the experts. Beginners who are older and/or have had more therapy rated the factors more like the experts. The word countertransference was coined by Sigmund Freud in approxirnately the year 1901, at the dawning of psychoanalysis. In classical psychoanalysis, transference was seen as a distortion in the therapeutic relationship which occurred when the client unconsciously misperceived the therapist as having personality characteristics similar to someone in his/her past, while countertransference referred to the analysts unconscious, neurotic reaction to the patients transference (Freud, 1910/1959). Freud believed that countertransference impedes therapy, and that the analyst must recognize his/her countertransference in order to overcome it. In recent years, some schools of psychotherapy have expanded the definition of countertransference to include all conscious and unconscious feelings or attitudes a therapists has toward a client, holding that countertransference feelings are potentially beneficial to treatment (Singer Luborsky, 1977). Using more specific language, Corey (1991) defines countertransference as the process of seeing oneself in the client, of overidentifying with the client or of meeting needs through Common to all definitions of this construct is the belief that countertransference must be regulated or managed. If unregulated, a therapists blind spots may limit his/her therapeutic effectiveness by allowing clients to touch the therapists own unresolved areas, resulting in conflictual and irrational reactions. With greater awareness of the motivating forces behind ones own thoughts, feelings and behaviors, the therapist is less likely to distort the therapeutic relationship. Indeed, because countertransference originates in the unconscious, the more the therapist is able to bring into conscious awareness that which was hidden in the unconscious, the less he will find that his patients material stimulates countertransference reactions. (Hayes, Gelso, Van Wagoner Nonfacilitative countertransference is not just the passive act of misperception. It occurs when, as a result of the misperception, the therapists response to the client is based on his/her own need or issue rather than that of the client. Countertransference is an important issue for all therapists. Beginning therapists often address the issue in class sessions, groups and supervision, as well as in impromptu discussions. Generally, no therapist wants his/her unresolved issues to cloud the therapeutic process. Being in personal therapy and supervision are two ways a therapist can bring issues to conscious awareness and deal with countertransference (Fromm Reichmann, 1950; Gelso Carter, 1985; Heimann, 1950; Reich, 1960), but are there other ways? Are there specific personal characteristics which enable the therapist to deal successfully with Although little theory and research address these issues, Hayes, et al. (1991) and Van Wagoner, Gelso, Hayes and Diemer (1991) studied the personal characteristics that therapists believe assist them in the management of countertransference. .u4552264567738125ff28b358edd492e6 , .u4552264567738125ff28b358edd492e6 .postImageUrl , .u4552264567738125ff28b358edd492e6 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4552264567738125ff28b358edd492e6 , .u4552264567738125ff28b358edd492e6:hover , .u4552264567738125ff28b358edd492e6:visited , .u4552264567738125ff28b358edd492e6:active { border:0!important; } .u4552264567738125ff28b358edd492e6 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4552264567738125ff28b358edd492e6 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4552264567738125ff28b358edd492e6:active , .u4552264567738125ff28b358edd492e6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4552264567738125ff28b358edd492e6 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4552264567738125ff28b358edd492e6 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4552264567738125ff28b358edd492e6 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4552264567738125ff28b358edd492e6 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4552264567738125ff28b358edd492e6:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4552264567738125ff28b358edd492e6 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4552264567738125ff28b358edd492e6 .u4552264567738125ff28b358edd492e6-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4552264567738125ff28b358edd492e6:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: adsfasdf Essay The five therapist qualities theorized to assist the effective management of countertransference were (I) anxiety management, (2) conceptualizing skills, (3) empathic ability, (4) self-insight and (5) self-integration. Using these studies as an anchor, this study looks at how beginning therapists rate the effectiveness of the five qualities in helping them manage countertransference, and it explores whether gender, age and months in individual and/or group Bibliography: .

Marines Essays - Military Education And Training,

Marines Being a Marine is the most challenging and rewarding responsibility a person could face. It is a known fact that the Marines have the toughest and most difficulty training course in the world. Men and women from all over the world try their abilities of strength and courage to see what life can throw at them, and what it is to be a true Marine(Conner). The United States Marine mental and moral qualities have been tested throughout history. Through the long history of the Marine Corps there are examples, both in war and in peace, of such qualities as versatility, trustworthiness, singleness and tenacity of purpose, courage, faithfulness, and self-sacrifice (Marines Welcome). On November 10, 1775, the Continental Congress meeting in Philadelphia passed a resolution stating that "two Battalions of Marines be raised" for service as landing forces with the fleet. This resolution, established the Continental Marines and marked the birth date of the United States Marine Corps. Serving on land and at sea, these first Marines distinguished themselves in a number of important operations, including their first amphibious raid into the Bahamas in March 1776, under the command of Captain (later Major) Samuel Nicholas. Nicholas, the first commissioned officer in the Continental Marines, remained the senior Marine officer throughout the American Revolution and is considered to be the first Marine Commandant. The Treaty of Paris in April 1783 brought an end to the Revolutionary War and as the last of the Navy's ships were sold, the Continental Navy and Marines went out of existence. Following the Revolutionary War and the formal re-establishment of the Marine Corps on 11 July 1798, Marines saw action in the quasi-war with France, landed in Santo Domingo, and took part in many operations against the Barbary pirates along the "Shores of Tripoli". Marines participated in numerous naval operations during the War of 1812, as well as participating in the defense of Washington at Bladensburg, Maryland, and fought alongside Andrew Jackson in the defeat of the British at New Orleans. The decades following the War of 1812 saw the Marines protecting American interests around the world, in the Caribbean, at the Falkland Islands, Sumatra and off the coast of West Africa, and also close to home in the operations against the Seminole Indians in Florida. During the Mexican War (1846-1848), Marines seized enemy seaports on both the Gulf and Pacific coasts. A battalion of Marines joined General Scott's army at Pueblo and fought all the way to the "Halls of Montezuma," Mexico City. Marines also served ashore and afloat in the Civil War (1861-1865). Although most service was with the Navy, a battalion fought at Bull Run and other units saw action with the blockading squadrons and at Cape Hatteras, New Orleans, Charleston, and Fort Fisher. The last third of the 19th century saw Marines making numerous landings throughout the world, especially in the Orient and in the Caribbean area (History and Museums ). The Marines continue to serve the nation from all parts of the globe. In tradition, the world famed the Marine Corps has the important role of being the " force in readiness" to help keep the peace throughout the world (Marine Corps 44) The Marine Corps Recruit Depot is at Parris Island, South Carolina where it all began. It was organized by Brigadier General Wallace M. Greene Jr. The Recruit Training Regiment was organized to control all activities dealing with training the male recruits. Parris Island was not only for the male recruits, but women Marines had a big part on the island also. It became the permanent basic training site for all women marines. (Continental 23) The Regiment consists of the first, Second, Third, and Forth (Women's) Battalions and weapons battalion. In addition to training the recruits, it has a Drill Instructors School and NCO School. Command of the Head quarters and Service Battalion has all the support units and schools to train. Parris Island not only has the regiments to command, but it has been known for the progress mainly along the military lines. It keeps its pace with advances in the art of training recruits, making one of the most efficient and picturesque military reservations in the world. Parris Island stands proud of its heritage, satisfied with the accomplishments and is ready to face future challenges. (Marine Corps 29) Now that we know the history of how the Marines began, we can start on the training course part. As soon as the Recruits arrive at Parris Island, The military starts processing each person. Shortly after that the Sergeants

The United States, The Melting Pot Essays - American Culture

The United States, The Melting Pot Essays - American Culture The United States, The Melting Pot The United States has Changed from a Melting Pot to a Vast Culture with Varying Racial Backgrounds. The United States, created by blending or ?melting? many cultures together into one common man, known as an American. ?Modern communication and transportation accelerate mass migrations from one continent . . .? to the United States (Schlesinger 21). Ethnic and racial diversity was bound to happen in the American society. As immigration began to explode, ?. . . a cult of ethnicity erupted both between non Anglo whites and among nonwhite minorities.? (22). Until recently, the only country who has made a multiethnic society work, was the United States. Hector St. John de Crevecoeur said, in America ?. . . individuals of all nations are melted into a new race of men.? Is this still true? The creation of the U.S. ?. . . was not to preserve old cultures but to forge a new, American culture." (Schlesinger 22). In the 20th century, the melting pot is not working, and the whole idea is under attack (Evans 76). The United States has changed from a melting pot to a vast culture with varying backgrounds. In years before, America was a collection of Chinese, Germans, Italians, Scots, Croats, etc., all craving freedom. Today, even the simple concept of an English-speaking nation is fading off the continent. ?In the old days, immigrants were taught in English in the public schools.? (76). In America today, children are taught in German, Italian, Polish, and 108 other languages. Most of these schools are funded by 139 million federal dollars. Until recently, emigrants in the United States longed for admittance in society's mainstream. Now these groups demand separation from society, to be able to preserve and conserve their customs and languages. The biggest problem with this demand, is whatever accommodation takes place, must be done and accepted by the receiving society (Chavez 60). The increasing accommodations directed toward immigrant culture worries many Americans. Americans fear the special treatment granted to immigrants will effect the unifying force of the country. ?Today, the trend is toward multiculturalism, diversity and adapting the newcomer, rather than on the newcomer adapting himself or herself to . . .? a diverse society (61). Many Americans believe the nation has lost control of its boundaries. Concerned if immigration continues, the U.S. economy will suffer, and that employment will be scarce. Immigrants ?. . .are flooding the welfare rolls and are heavily involved in crime.?(Morganthau 18). The increase number of U. S. immigrants does effect the number of jobs available. The problem is, immigrants are either highly qualified ( take American jobs) or are less than skilled in any field (increase welfare). The view on immigration today is one of a drag on the economy, instead of a lift (18). In 1995, new immigration laws transfigure the American society. As a result, races group together to defend their customs. The current immigration problem also increases the racial tension facing America today. One result of racism in the United States is hate groups and gangs. Both have only one thing in commonviolence! ?The very use of the term ?of color? - which embraces blacks, . . .? Asians, Native Americans and Hispanics, ?. . . many whom are ethnically white - implies that these disparate groups are bonded simply by not being of Northern European descent.? (Henry III 73). One example of these hate groups is the Ku Klux Klan, known for their hatred toward African Americans, Catholics, and Jews. The growing diversity of the American population makes the popularity of ?multiculturalism? and ?Political Correctness? explode. The main function of this craze is to raise minority self-esteem. Viewed by some, the obstacle this creates is not for the better. Multiculturalism helps unite groups and separates them from the rest of the country. ?. . .Civil liberties and human rights is portrayed as the root of all evil . . . ? (Schlesinger 3). A positive approach would have Americans stop seeing themselves as members of primarily one ethnic group, gaining their total identity from that group. White or black, Hispanic or Asian, they must envision themselves simply as Americans. Brookhiser, Richard. ?The Melting Pot is

Research Report Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Report - Research Paper Example But its first real passenger run was made on May 24th 1855, Queen Victoria's birthday, in itself significant of the period it represented. At the time, the transportation of merchandise was problematic, mostly because although explorers opened new ways throughout the land, the roads were built in a very rough way, with consequent increase in the time and cost of transportation, for both goods and people. This was, however, also the time in which railway expansion was being hailed as the best possible solution for fast and cost-effective transportation, a reliable alternative to those crudely made roads, something which held even more true in new territories such as Australia. Thoughts of a railway in New South Wales started as early as 1830s, but it was to take another 20 years for the dream to become a reality. The railway met with many problems, most conspicuously the cost of its making and the New South Wales Government had to take over in September 1855. The line opened officiall y on September 26th of that same year, although on that day another two engines run and not Locomotive 1. The line was then 14 miles long with five stops: Newtown, Ashfield, Burwood, Homebush and Parramatta. Over 3500 passengers were carried in that day, and the fact that they all dressed in their finest is witness to the importance of the event in the society of the time. With time lighter locomotives were designed for passenger transportation, while the heavier original ones remained in service for goods. By October 1859 the line had evolved to the point of having six trains per day during the week going to Paramatta, and the trip took 50 minutes to complete. Locomotive No. 1, the initiator of it all, run for 22 years of service and was withdrawn on March 15th 1877. Although it was at some point refitted with some parts from other engines, it is still the only surviving specimen of its kind. It seems also a kind of poetic justice that during its conservation process it was found t o include parts of locomotives 2, 3 and 4, as if in just he one engine all four of the original team somehow survived. The Victorian era was certainly concerned with progress and efficiency as witnessed by the Great Exhibition of 1851, showcasing the greatest inventions of the world at the time in the famous Crystal Palace. It was also the time for the Industrial Revolution and the consequent changes it brought socially. It is no wonder then, that in this Renaissance-like atmosphere the railway took such an important place in both industry and imagination alike, being a harbinger of power, speed, efficiency and comfort. Related designs: The first road steam engine was invented in 1801 by Robert Trevithick, a small vehicle that managed to take four men up the Camborne Hill in Cornwall. This was the beginning, with a newer and improved version he called the London Steam Carriage, which ran from Holborn to Paddington and back, a reproduction of the Puffing Devil but still uncomfortable for passengers and expensive to run. Here is a drawing of the London Steam Carriage: However, the locomotive's true ancestor can be said to be the Pen-y-Darren Locomotive, which became famous in 1804 for successfully pulling 10 tons of iron. This is a replica of Trevithick's railway locomotive hosted at the National Waterfront Museum in Swansea. Trevithick's 1804 locomotive, full-scale replica 1) 2) Motivations and effect of the design: Although the study of steam as a source of power goes back